Lithium bhatiri imhando yebhatiri inoshandisa lithium simbi kana lithium alloy seyakaipa electrode zvinhu uye inoshandisa isiri-aqueous electrolyte solution.Yekutanga yakapihwa lithium bhatiri yakabva kune mukuru muvambi Edison.
Lithium Mabhatiri - Lithium Mabhatiri
lithium bhatiri
Lithium bhatiri imhando yebhatiri inoshandisa lithium simbi kana lithium alloy seyakaipa electrode zvinhu uye inoshandisa isiri-aqueous electrolyte solution.Yekutanga yakapihwa lithium bhatiri yakabva kune mukuru muvambi Edison.
Nekuti iyo makemikari emuti we lithium simbi anoshanda zvakanyanya, kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwelithium simbi kune zvakakwirira zvakanyanya zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza.Naizvozvo, lithium mabhatiri haana kushandiswa kwenguva refu.
Nekuvandudzwa kweiyo microelectronics tekinoroji muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, miniaturized zvishandiso zviri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, izvo zvinoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa zvemagetsi.Lithium mabhatiri akabva apinda muchikamu chikuru chinoshanda.
Yakatanga kushandiswa mumoyo pacemakers.Nekuti iyo yekuzviburitsa yega chiyero chelithium mabhatiri yakadzikira zvakanyanya, iyo yekuburitsa voltage inokwira.Inoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa pacemaker mumuviri wemunhu kwenguva yakareba.
Lithium mabhatiri anowanzo kuve ane zita remagetsi akakwira kupfuura 3.0 volts uye akakodzera zvakanyanya kune akabatanidzwa emagetsi edunhu.Manganese dioxide mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakomputa, makarukureta, makamera, uye wachi.
Kuti ugadzire mhando nekuita zvirinani, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadzidzwa.Uye wozogadzira zvigadzirwa sezvisina kumbobvira zvaitika.Semuenzaniso, lithium sulfur dioxide mabhatiri uye lithium thionyl chloride mabhatiri akasiyana zvakanyanya.Zvinhu zvavo zvakanaka zvinoshanda zvakare zvinonyungudutsa zve electrolyte.Ichi chimiro chinongowanikwa mune isiri-aqueous electrochemical systems.Nokudaro, chidzidzo chemabhatiri e-lithium chakakurudzirawo kukurudzirwa kwe electrochemical theory ye-non-aqueous systems.Pamusoro pekushandiswa kweakasiyana-siyana asiri-aqueous solvents, tsvagiridzo yepolymer yakaonda-firimu mabhatiri yakaitwa zvakare.
Muna 1992, Sony yakabudirira kugadzira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion.Kushanda kwayo kunoshanda kunoderedza huremu uye vhoriyamu yemidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika senge mbozhanhare nemakomputa.Nguva yekushandisa inowedzerwa zvakanyanya.Nekuti mabhatiri e-lithium-ion haana heavy metal chromium, zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri enickel-chromium, kusvibiswa kwenharaunda kunodzikira zvakanyanya.
1. Lithium-ion bhatiri
Lithium-ion mabhatiri zvino akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: liquid lithium-ion mabhatiri (LIBs) uye polymer lithium-ion mabhatiri (PLBs).Pakati pavo, iyo liquid lithium ion bhatiri inoreva bhatiri rechipiri umo Li + intercalation compound ndiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes.Iyo yakanaka electrode inosarudza lithium compound LiCoO2 kana LiMn2O4, uye iyo yakaipa electrode inosarudza lithium-carbon interlayer compound.Lithium-ion mabhatiri isimba rinotyaira rakanakira kusimudzira muzana ramakore rechi21 nekuda kweiyo yakakwira vhezheni yekushandisa, diki saizi, huremu huremu, simba rakawanda, kusarangarira maitiro, kusasvibiswa, kudzika-kuzviburitsa, uye hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera.
2. Nhoroondo pfupi ye lithium-ion battery development
Lithium mabhatiri uye lithium ion mabhatiri mabhatiri matsva ane simba repamusoro akabudirira kugadzirwa muzana remakore rechi20.Iyo yakaipa electrode yebhatiri iyi isimbi lithium, uye iyo yakanaka electrode ndeyeMnO2, SOCL2, (CFx) n, etc. Yakaiswa mukushandiswa kunoshanda muma1970.Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakawanda, bhatiri rakawanda, tembiricha yekushanda, uye hupenyu hurefu hwekuchengetera, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi yemauto neyevanhu, senge nharembozha, makomputa anotakurika, makamera evhidhiyo, makamera, nezvimwe, zvishoma. kutsiva mabhatiri echinyakare..
3. Tarisiro yekuvandudza ye lithium-ion mabhatiri
Lithium-ion mabhatiri akashandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo inotakurika yakadai semalaptop makomputa, makamera evhidhiyo, uye nharembozha nekuda kwekunaka kwavo kwakasarudzika.Iyo yakakura-inokwana lithium-ion bhatiri yakagadziridzwa ikozvino yakaedzwa mumotokari dzemagetsi, uye inofungidzirwa kuti ichava imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga magetsi emagetsi emagetsi muzana ramakore re21, uye ichashandiswa mumasetiraiti, aerospace uye kuchengetedza simba. .
4. Basa guru rebhatiri
(1) Iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yebhatiri
(2) Kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri
(3) Mhepo yekushandisa yebhatiri
(4) Kuchaja voltage
Mhepo yekuchaja inoreva magetsi anoiswa kumagumo ese ebhatiri nemagetsi ekunze kana bhatiri rechipiri riri kuchajwa.Nzira dzekutanga dzekuchaja dzinosanganisira kugara uchichaja ikozvino uye kugara uchichaja voltage.Kazhinji, kugara uchichaja ikozvino kunoshandiswa, uye chimiro chayo ndechekuti yekuchaja ikozvino yakagadzikana panguva yekuchaja.Sezvo kuchaja kunofambira mberi, iyo inoshanda inodzoserwa, iyo electrode reaction nzvimbo inoramba ichideredzwa, uye polarization yemota inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
(5) Kuwanda kwebhatiri
Battery simba inoreva huwandu hwemagetsi anowanikwa kubva mubhatiri, iyo inowanzoratidzwa neC, uye chikwata chinowanzoratidzwa neAh kana mAh.Kugona chinangwa chakakosha chekushanda kwemagetsi ebhatiri.Kugona kwebhatiri kunowanzo kukamurwa kuita theoretical kugona, inoshanda kugona uye yakayerwa huwandu.
Kuwanda kwebhatiri kunotarirwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi.Kana masimba emagetsi asina kuenzana, simba rebheteri rinoenderana ne electrode ine simba duku, asi haisi iyo yose yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi akanaka uye asina kunaka.
(6) Kuchengeta basa uye hupenyu hwebhatiri
Chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga zvemakemikari magetsi masosi ndechekuti anogona kuburitsa simba remagetsi kana richishandiswa uye kuchengeta simba remagetsi risiri kushandiswa.Izvo zvinonzi kuchengetedza basa ndiko kukwanisa kuchengetedza kubhadharisa kwebhatiri rechipiri.
Nezve bhatiri rechipiri, hupenyu hwesevhisi chinhu chakakosha parameter kuyera kuita kwebhatiri.Bhatiri rechipiri rinochajwa uye robuda kamwe chete, rinonzi cycle (kana kuti cycle).Pasi peimwe nzira yekuchaja nekuburitsa, nhamba yekuchaja nekuburitsa nguva idzo bhatiri rinokwanisa kumira bhatiri risati rasvika pane imwe kukosha inodaidzwa kuti kushanda kwebhatiri rechipiri.Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane yakanakisa kuchengetedza kuita uye hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera.
Lithium Mabhatiri - Zvimiro
A. High simba density
Huremu hwebhatiri relithium-ion hafu yenickel-cadmium kana nickel-hydrogen bhatiri rehukuru hwakafanana, uye vhoriyamu i40-50% yenickel-cadmium uye 20-30% yenickel-hydrogen bhatiri. .
B. High Voltage
Iko kushanda kwebhatiri reti lithium-ion bhatiri ndeye 3.7V (avhareji kukosha), iyo yakaenzana nemabhatiri matatu nickel-cadmium kana nickel-metal hydride akabatanidzwa munhevedzano.
C. Hapana kusvibiswa
Lithium-ion mabhatiri haana simbi dzinokuvadza senge cadmium, lead, uye mercury.
D. Haina metallic lithium
Lithium-ion mabhatiri haana simbi lithium uye saka haasi pasi pemitemo yakadai sekurambidzwa kutakura mabhatiri e-lithium pandege inotakura vanhu.
E. High kutenderera upenyu
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogona kuva neanopfuura mazana mashanu ekuchaja-kuburitsa mitsara.
F. Hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro
Iyo yekurangarira mhedzisiro inoreva chiitiko chekuti huwandu hwenickel-cadmium bhatiri hunodzikiswa panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa kutenderera.Lithium-ion mabhatiri haana mhedzisiro iyi.
G. Kuchaja nekukurumidza
Kushandisa chinogara chiripo uye chinogara chiripo voltage charger ine rated voltage ye 4.2V inogona kunyatsochaja lithium-ion bhatiri muawa imwe kusvika maviri.
Lithium Bhatiri - Nheyo uye Chimiro cheLithium Bhatiri
.Vanhu vanodana iyi lithium-ion bhatiri ine yakasarudzika meshini, iyo inotsamira pakufambiswa kwe lithium ion pakati peyakanaka uye isina kunaka maelectrode kuti apedze kuchaja bhatiri uye kuburitsa oparesheni, se "rocking chair bhatiri", inowanzozivikanwa se "lithium bhatiri" .Tora LiCoO2 semuenzaniso: (1) Kana bhatiri rachajwa, lithium ions inodzikiswa kubva kune yakanaka electrode uye inopindirana mune inegetive electrode, uye zvinopesana kana ichiburitsa.Izvi zvinoda electrode kuti ive munzvimbo ye lithium intercalation pamberi pegungano.Kazhinji, lithium intercalation transition metal oxide ine simba guru kudarika 3V maererano ne lithiamu uye yakagadzikana mumhepo inosarudzwa seyakanaka electrode, yakadai seLiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4.(2) Pazvinhu zvisina kunaka electrodes, sarudza intercalable lithium compounds iyo inogona kunge iri pedyo nekukwanisa kwe lithium sezvinobvira.Semuyenzaniso, akasiyana kabhoni zvinhu zvinosanganisira natural graphite, synthetic graphite, kabhoni faibha, mesophase spherical kabhoni, etc. uye simbi okisidhi, kusanganisira SnO, SnO2, Tin composite oxide SnBxPyOz (x=0.4～0.6, y=0.6-0.4, z= (2+3x+5y)/2) nezvimwewo.
lithium bhatiri
2. Bhatiri rinowanzobatanidza: zvakanaka, zvakaipa, electrolyte, separator, mutungamiri akanaka, ndiro yakaipa, central terminal, insulating material (insulator), kuchengetedza valve (safevent), kuvhara mhete (gasket), PTC (positive temperature control terminal), bhatiri kesi.Kazhinji, vanhu vanonyanya kunetseka nezveyakanaka electrode, iyo yakaipa electrode, uye electrolyte.
lithium bhatiri
Lithium-ion bhatiri chimiro kuenzanisa
Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana cathode zvinhu, yakakamurwa kuita iron lithium, cobalt lithium, manganese lithium, nezvimwewo;
Kubva pakurongeka kwechimiro, inowanzokamurwa kuita cylindrical uye square, uye polymer lithium ions inogonawo kuitwa mune chero chimiro;
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana emagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa mumabhatiri e-lithium-ion, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri: liquid lithium-ion mabhatiri (LIB) uye solid-state lithium-ion mabhatiri.PLIB) imhando yeyakasimba-state lithium-ion bhatiri.
electrolyte
Shell/Package Barriers Current Collector
Liquid lithium-ion bhatiri Liquid Stainless simbi, aluminium 25μPE yemhangura foil uye aluminium foil polymer lithium-ion bhatiri colloidal polymer aluminium/PP inoumbwa firimu isina chipingamupinyi kana imwechete μPE foil yemhangura uye foil yealuminium.
Lithium Mabhatiri - Basa reLithium Ion Mabhatiri
1. High simba density
Kuenzaniswa neNI/CD kana NI/MH mabhatiri ehumwe simba, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ane huremu hwakareruka, uye simba rawo rakanangana ne1.5 kusvika ku2 nguva yemhando mbiri idzi dzebhatiri.
2. High voltage
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion anoshandisa yakanyanya electronegative element-ine lithium electrodes kuwana materminal voltages akakwira se3.7V, inova yakapetwa katatu mabhatiri eNI/CD kana NI/MH.
3. Kusasvibisa, kushamwaridzana nemhoteredzo
4. Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera
Hupenyu hunopfuura ka500
5. Mutoro wepamusoro
Lithium-ion mabhatiri anogona kuramba achiburitswa neapo hombe, kuitira kuti bhatiri iri rigone kushandiswa mumidziyo ine simba repamusoro semakamera nemalaptop makomputa.
6. Kuchengeteka kwakanakisa
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kweanode zvinhu zvakanakisa, dambudziko rekukura kwe lithium dendrite panguva yekuchaja kwebhatiri rinokundwa, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion.Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakosha inodzoreredzwa accessories inosarudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza bhatiri panguva yekushandiswa.
Lithium bhatiri - Lithium ion bhatiri yekuchaja nzira
Nzira 1. Isati yeti lithium-ion bhatiri ichibva mufekitari, mugadziri aita activation treatment uye pre-charged, saka lithium-ion bhatiri ine simba rinosara, uye lithium-ion bhatiri inopomerwa maererano nenguva yekugadzirisa.Iyi nguva yekugadzirisa inoda kuitwa 3 kusvika ku5 nguva zvachose.Discharge.
Nzira 2. Usati wachaja, bhatiri ye lithium-ion haifaniri kunyanya kubudiswa.Kubuda kusina kunaka kunokuvadza bhatiri.Paunenge uchichaja, edza kushandisa kunonoka kuchaja uye kuderedza kukurumidza kuchaja;nguva yacho haifaniri kudarika maawa makumi maviri nemana.Chete mushure mekunge bhatiri raita matatu kusvika mashanu azere kuchaja uye kuburitsa mitsara ndipo iyo yemukati makemikemikari ichave yakazara "activated" kuti ishandiswe zvakakwana.
Method 3. Ndapota shandisai chaja yepakutanga kana chaja ine mukurumbira.Kune mabhatiri e-lithium, shandisa yakakosha charger yemabhatiri e-lithium uye tevera mirairo.Zvikasadaro, bhatiri richakuvadzwa kana kutoiswa munjodzi.
Nzira 4. Bhatiri ichangobva kutengwa inonzi lithium ion, saka yekutanga 3 kusvika ku5 nguva yekuchaja inowanzonzi nguva yekugadzirisa, uye inofanira kubhadharwa kwemaawa anopfuura 14 kuti ione kuti basa re lithium ions rinoshandiswa zvizere.Lithium-ion mabhatiri haana ndangariro maitiro, asi ane simba inertness.Dzinofanirwa kuve dzakaitwa zvizere kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakanyanya mune ramangwana maapplication.
Nzira 5. Ibhati ye-lithium-ion inofanira kushandisa shaja yakakosha, kana zvisina kudaro inogona kunge isingasviki mamiriro ekuzara uye inokanganisa basa rayo.Mushure mekuchaja, dzivisa kuiisa pajaja kweanopfuura maawa gumi nemaviri, uye paradzanisa bhatiri kubva kune mobile electronic product kana isingashandiswe kwenguva refu.
Lithium bhatiri - shandisa
Nekuvandudzwa kweiyo microelectronics tekinoroji muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, miniaturized zvishandiso zviri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, izvo zvinoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa zvemagetsi.Lithium mabhatiri akabva apinda muchikamu chikuru chinoshanda.
Yakatanga kushandiswa mumoyo pacemakers.Nekuti iyo yekuzviburitsa yega chiyero chelithium mabhatiri yakadzikira zvakanyanya, iyo yekuburitsa voltage inokwira.Inoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa pacemaker mumuviri wemunhu kwenguva yakareba.
Lithium mabhatiri anowanzo kuve ane zita remagetsi akakwira kupfuura 3.0 volts uye akakodzera zvakanyanya kune akabatanidzwa emagetsi edunhu.Manganese dioxide mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakomputa, makarukureta, makamera, uye wachi.
Muenzaniso wekushandisa
1. Kune akawanda mabhatiri mapeji seanotsiva ekugadzirisa bhatiri paki: seaya anoshandiswa mumakomputa ekunyorera.Mushure mekugadzirisa, zvinoonekwa kuti kana iyi bhatiri paki yakuvadzwa, mabhatiri ega ega ane matambudziko.Inogona kutsiviwa neyakakodzera single-cell lithium bhatiri.
2. Kugadzira mwenje diki-inopenya yakakwira Munyori akamboshandisa bhatiri retium 3.6V1.6AH rimwechete rine chena super-kupenya kwechiedza-emitting chubhu kugadzira mwenje diki, iri nyore kushandisa, compact uye yakanaka.Uye nekuda kwehukuru hwebhatiri, inogona kushandiswa kwehafu yeawa husiku hwega hwega paavhareji, uye yakashandiswa kweinopfuura mwedzi miviri pasina kuchaja.
3. Alternative 3V magetsi
Nekuti iyo single-cell lithium bhatiri voltage ndeye 3.6V.Naizvozvo, bhatiri rimwe chete relithium rinogona kutsiva mabhatiri maviri akajairwa kuti ape simba kumidziyo midiki yemumba yakadai seredhiyo, mawalkmans, makamera, nezvimwewo, izvo zvisiri kungoreruka muhuremu, asiwo zvinogara kwenguva yakareba.
Lithium-ion bhatiri anode zvinhu - lithium titanate
Inogona kusanganiswa ne lithium manganate, ternary zvinhu kana lithium iron phosphate uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka kuti zvigadzire 2.4V kana 1.9V lithium ion secondary mabhatiri.Pamusoro pezvo, inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakanaka electrode kugadzira 1.5V lithium bhatiri ine simbi lithium kana lithium alloy negative electrode yechipiri bhatiri.
Nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, kugadzikana kwepamusoro, hupenyu hurefu uye girinhi hunhu hwe lithium titanate.Zvinogona kufanotaurwa kuti lithium titanate zvinhu zvichave zvisina kunaka electrode zvinhu zvechizvarwa chitsva che lithium ion mabhatiri mumakore 2-3 uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi matsva emagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi uye izvo zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye kutenderera kwenguva refu.munda wekushandisa.Iyo inoshanda voltage ye lithium titanate bhatiri ndeye 2.4V, iyo yakanyanya voltage i3.0V, uye yekuchaja ikozvino inosvika 2C.
Lithium titanate bhatiri kuumbwa
Positive electrode: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate kana ternary zvinhu, lithium nickel manganate.
Negative electrode: lithium titanate zvinhu.
Barriers: Ikozvino lithium bhatiri barriers ine kabhoni seyakaipa electrode.
Electrolyte: Lithium bhatiri electrolyte ine kabhoni seyakaipa electrode.
Battery kesi: Lithium bhatiri kese ine kabhoni seyakaipa electrode.
Zvakanakira zve lithium titanate mabhatiri: kusarudza mota dzemagetsi kutsiva mota dzemafuta ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo yekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.Pakati pavo, mabhatiri emagetsi e-lithium-ion akakwezva kutarisisa kwakanyanya kwevaongorori.Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemagetsi emagetsi e-on-board lithium-ion mabhatiri emagetsi, tsvakurudzo nekuvandudzwa Zvinhu zvisina kunaka nekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, chiyero chakanaka chekuita uye hupenyu hurefu ndiyo nzvimbo dzayo dzinopisa uye matambudziko.
Commercial lithium-ion bhatiri negative electrodes inonyanya kushandisa kabhoni zvinhu, asi pachine zvimwe zvazvakaipira mukushandiswa kwemabhatiri e lithium uchishandisa kabhoni segerodhi isina kunaka:
1. Lithium dendrites inogadziriswa nyore nyore panguva yekuwedzera, zvichiita kuti pfupi pfupi yebhateri uye inokanganisa basa rekuchengetedza re lithium battery;
2. Zviri nyore kuumba SEI firimu, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekutanga kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa simba uye simba guru risingadzoreki;
3. Ndiko kuti, mhepo yepuratifomu ye carbon materials yakaderera (pedyo nesimbi lithium), uye zviri nyore kukonzera kuparara kwe electrolyte, izvo zvichaunza njodzi dzekuchengeteka.
4. Muchigadziro chekuiswa kwe lithium ion uye kubudiswa, vhoriyamu inoshanduka zvikuru, uye kugadzikana kwekutenderera kwakashata.
Kuenzaniswa nekabhoni zvinhu, spinel-mhando Li4Ti5012 ine zvakakosha zvakanakira:
1. Iyo zero-strain zvinhu uye ine yakanaka yekutenderera kuita;
2. Mhepo inoyerera yakagadzikana, uye electrolyte haingaparadzi, inovandudza kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwe lithiamu mabhatiri;
3. Kuenzaniswa ne carbon anode zvinhu, lithium titanate ine high lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 * 10-8cm2 / s), uye inogona kubhadharwa uye kubudiswa pamwero mukuru.
4. Iko kukwanisa kwe lithium titanate yakakwirira kudarika yesimbi yakachena lithium, uye hazvisi nyore kugadzira lithium dendrites, iyo inopa hwaro hwekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri eti lithium.
dunhu rekuchengetedza
Iyo ine maviri emunda maitiro transistors uye yakatsaurirwa kugadzirisa yakabatanidzwa block S-8232.Iyo overcharge control chubhu FET2 uye overdischarge control chubhu FET1 yakabatana munhevedzano kudunhu, uye bhatiri voltage inotariswa uye inodzorwa neiyo IC yekugadzirisa.Kana bhatiri voltage yakwira kusvika ku4.2V, iyo overcharge yekuchengetedza chubhu FET1 inodzimwa, uye kuchaja kunomiswa.Kuti udzivise kusashanda, inononoka capacitor inowanzowedzerwa kune rekunze redunhu.Kana bhatiri riri mumamiriro ekudzingwa, bhatiri voltage inodonha kusvika 2.55.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-30-2023